On this page, you will find links to the texts (readable PDFs and official Bluebook compliant versions), overviews, and Bluebook citations to the following international agreements:
Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty: There is also a proposed Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty which would complement Paris Agreement by creating a roadmap to halting the expansion of fossil fuels and managing an equitable phase-out of coal, oil, and gas. Though so far only 12 nation-states have supported the Fossil Fuel Treaty proposal, over 100 cities and subnational governments have endorsed the treaty.
Global Plastics Treaty: On March 2, 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme adopted a resolution, UNEP/EA.5/Res.14, to negotiate an international legally binding agreement by 2024 to address plastic pollution. Some estimates predict that global emissions from plastic production could triple to account for one-fifth of the Earth’s remaining carbon budget by the middle of the century. The negotiations for the Plastics Treaty involves nation-states, indigenous communities, and record numbers of fossil fuel and petrochemical lobbyists.
Bluebook Citation: Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Dec. 12, 2015, T.I.A.S. No. 16-1104
Text of the Paris Agreement
Overview of the Paris Agreement
The Katowice Climate Package
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Bluebook Citation: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, May 9, 1992, S. Treaty Doc. No. 102-38
Bluebook Citation: Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Mar. 22, 1989, 1673 U.N.T.S. 57
Bluebook Citation: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Mar. 3, 1973, 27 U.S.T. 1087.
Bluebook Citation: Convention on the Law of the Sea, Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S. 397.
The International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) issued an advisory opinion on May 21, 2024 which interpreted several articles of the CLOS relating to the protection of the marine environment as encompassing the obligation to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from State Parties.
Bluebook Citation: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Dec. 10, 1997, 2303 U.N.T.S. 162.
Bluebook Citation: Convention on Biological Diversity, Jun. 5, 1992, 31 I.L.M. 818
Bluebook Citation: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Preamble, Sept. 16, 1987, S. Treaty Doc. 100-10
Bluebook Citation: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Mar. 22, 1985, T.I.A.S. No. 11,097
The Aarhus Convention provides for:
Access to environmental information:
Public participation in environmental decision making:
Access to justice:
Bluebook Citation: Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Jun. 25, 1998, 2161 U.N.T.S. 447
Overviews of the Aarhus Convention