The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (22nd ed. 2025) (Print copies are on Reserve, KF 245 B58. BLS Library does not have electronic copies available to loan.)
- Suggestion for students: Acquire The Bluebook Online - Includes Blue Tips, in which editors respond to questions about legal citation, and Bluebook Updates.
- NEW: The Bluebook (22nd ed. 2025) includes T1.5: Tribal Nations. Bluebook Rule 21.4.2: Treaties and Other International Agreements: Parties to the Agreement (p. 217) states "do not abbreviate the name of a Tribal Nation party." See two examples of an agreement between a Tribal Nation party and the U.S. in Rule 21.4 (p. 216) and in Rule 21.4.2 (p. 217).
- Table 2: Foreign Jurisdictions provides citation format/recommends sources for foreign legal materials.
- Rule 21 = International Materials (p. 213-) + Rule 21.4 = Treaties and Other International Agreements (p. 215-). See the BLS Treaty Research Guide.
Tip to aid in creating cites to scholarly legal articles:
- After you retrieve the PDF version of an article in HeinOnline's Law Journal Library, click: " (to view a sample Bluebook cite to the article. But as of June 23, 2025, HeinOnline still cited to 21st ed. of The Bluebook. Check HeinOnline's cite by applying Bluebook Rule 16 = Periodical Materials (p. 164-) in 22nd ed. (2025) of The Bluebook.
- After you retrieve an article in Westlaw's Law Reviews & Journals database, in the Copy Menu, click: Copy Citation (to view a sample Bluebook cite to the article. Check Westlaw's cite by applying Bluebook Rule 16 = Periodical Materials (p. 164-) in 22nd ed. (2025) of The Bluebook.
If The Bluebook does not contain an entry for a source, try searching:
- COAL-RJAL Editorial Group, Canadian Open Access Legal Citation Guide, Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2024 CanLIIDocs 830
- New York University School of Law, Journal of International Law and Politics, Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations (Ref., 3rd fl., K 89 .G85 2009)
- Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad Law Center, International Citator and Research Guide: The Greenbook (Reserve, K 89 .S54 2018)
- UCIA: Universal Citation in International Arbitration (2nd ed. 2023) (Int'l. Vis Moot, KZ6115 .U35 2023)
Foreign law research guides that highlight key sources of law also are useful:
- GlobaLex foreign law research guides (click: Foreign Law) published by Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law
- Foreign Law Guide (General Editor: Marci Hoffman) > in SARA catalog record, click: ACCESS ONLINE VERSION - BRILL.
- In this BLS subscription database, country entries will provide titles of (and sometimes links to) key sources of law.
- In summer 2025: Access subscription Foreign Law Guide on campus, in BLS housing, and elsewhere off campus if one has implemented the BLS proxy server instructions. This database supports a limited number of simultaneous users.
